Conservation and environment includes the identification and preservation of national parks and wilderness areas, native flora and fauna, the built environment (including the identification and classification of buildings of continuing value to the community), archaeological remains and moveable cultural heritage.

This function also covers activities aimed at achieving a clean and hazard-free environment. It includes providing mechanisms for the responsible disposal of refuse (including industrial waste), and encouraging recycling of waste products. Other matters covered are the reduction of noise in the community, and encouraging schemes that reduce energy consumption. The function includes establishing community standards for cleanliness of air, waterways, streets, public parks and gardens and other utilities and facilities.